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FRAT®

Folate receptor autoantibody testing

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When folate can’t reach the brain

Folate plays a critical role in brain development, neurotransmitter synthesis, DNA repair, methylation, and normal neurological function. In some individuals, the immune system produces autoantibodies against the folate receptor alpha (FRα), the protein responsible for transporting folate across the blood–brain barrier — interfering with folate transport into the central nervous system despite normal blood folate levels.

FRAT® measures folate receptor autoantibodies to help identify patients who may have impaired cerebral folate transport, a condition associated with cerebral folate deficiency, autism spectrum disorder, developmental delay, and other neurodevelopmental conditions.

Why folate transport matters

The brain requires a continuous supply of folate for normal neurological development and function. Even when blood folate levels are normal, folate may not adequately reach the central nervous system if folate receptor function is impaired. Low brain folate levels have been associated with:

Cerebral Folate Deficiency (CFD) Autism Spectrum Disorder Developmental Delay Speech and Language Delay Epilepsy Movement Disorders Hypotonia Neuropsychiatric Symptoms Certain Mitochondrial Disorders

Guidance for folate therapy

Several studies have shown that a subset of individuals with autism spectrum disorder and cerebral folate deficiency have elevated folate receptor autoantibodies and may respond to targeted folinic acid or leucovorin therapy, under physician supervision.

Potential benefits

Identification of folate receptor autoantibodies Investigation of cerebral folate deficiency pathways Support for personalized treatment planning Identification of patients who may benefit from specialist evaluation Guidance for further metabolic or neurological investigations Monitoring of folate receptor autoantibody status over time

FRAT® is frequently used as part of a broader neurodevelopmental and metabolic evaluation.

Who may benefit?

This assessment may be worth considering for individuals experiencing:

Autism Spectrum Disorder Developmental Delay Speech Delay Intellectual Disability Cerebral Folate Deficiency Epilepsy Hypotonia Regression Neurological Symptoms of Unclear Origin Mitochondrial Dysfunction Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Why choose FRAT®?

Specialized folate receptor assessment

One of the only reliable and clinically available tests specifically designed to evaluate folate receptor alpha autoantibodies.

Evidence-based research foundation

Built on decades of research investigating cerebral folate deficiency and folate receptor autoimmunity.

Neurodevelopmental disorder guidance

Particularly valuable in the assessment of autism spectrum disorder, developmental delay, and other complex neurological presentations.

Actionable clinical insights

Positive findings may support discussions around additional neurological evaluation and potential treatment approaches.

Resources

Kit Instructions

A minimum of 3–4 mL of whole blood (red-top tube) or serum (SST tube) is required. Contact us for detailed collection instructions.

Results are typically available approximately 60 days from the date your sample reaches the lab.

International shipping is available for this test. Contact our team for guidance specific to your country.

CLIA CLIA Accredited

FRAT® is not intended to diagnose autism spectrum disorder, cerebral folate deficiency, or any neurological condition on its own. Results should always be interpreted alongside clinical history, symptoms, physical examination, laboratory findings, and specialist evaluation.

References: fratnow.com · autism.fratnow.com · religendx.com/neurology/frat-test

Not sure if this test is right for you?

Our team can help you decide whether FRAT® fits your clinical picture.

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